Here you can download the most recent version of the data. The download consists of a zip file containing both yearly and 5-year averages of the data in the requested format.
We update the data regularly, but you can also use the accompanying R package OpennessDataR to update the data yourself. The package is available via Github. Note that the package might need regular updates in order to react to changes in the APIs of the original data sources.
Here you find a table describing all variables contained in the data set and their respective sources.
Data collection and provision is tedious work. If you find this data set helpful and use it in your publications, we would appreciate your willingness to cite the paper accompanying the data set:
Gräbner, C., Heimberger, P., Kapeller, J. and Springholz, F. (2020): Understanding economic openness: a review of existing measures, Review of World Economics. DOI: 10.1007/s10290-020-00391-1.
Moreover, in case you use one the indicators that was compiled by other authors, please cite their original contribution as well. Below we provide an overview of the indicators we have in mind and how you can cite them.
In case you cite one of the KOF indicators, i.e. one of the variables of which the name starts with KOF_*, then please cite the following paper:
Gygli, S., Haelg, F., Potrafke, N. and Sturm J.-E. (2019): The KOF Globalisation Index – Revisited, Review of International Organizations, Vol. 14(3), p. 543-574. DOI: 10.1007/s11558-019-09344-2.
When you use one of the indicators developed by Philip R. Lane and Gian Maria Milesi-Ferretti, i.e. one of the variables of which the name starts with LMF_*, then please cite the following paper:
Lane, P.-R. and Milesi-Ferretti, G.-M. (2007): The external wealth of nations mark II: Revised and extended estimates of foreign assets and liabilities, 1970–2004, Journal of International Economics, Vol. 73(2), p. 223-250. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2007.02.003.
The two indicators KAOPEN and chinn_ito_normed were developed by Menzie Chinn and Hiro Ito. Whenever you use them, please cite the following paper:
Chinn, M. D. and Ito, H. (2006): What Matters for Financial Development? Capital Controls, Institutions, and Interactions, Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 81(1), p. 163-192. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2005.05.010.
The indicator Alcala was developed in the following paper:
Alcala, F., and Ciccone, A. (2004): Trade and Productivity, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 119(2), p. 613–646. DOI: 10.1162/0033553041382139.
The indicators CAPITAL and FIN_CUR come from the following paper:
Quinn, D. P. and Toyoda, A. M. (2008): Does Capital Account Liberalization Lead to Growth?, Review of Financial Studies, Vol. 21(3), p. 1403–1449. DOI: 10.1093/rfs/hhn034.
The composite trade share (CTS) has been developed in:
Squalli, J. and Wilson, K. (2011): A New Measure of Trade Openness, The World Economy, Vol. 34(10), p. 1745–1770. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9701.2011.01404.x.
The indicator (Tariff_RES) was kindly provided by Florence Jaumotte, Subir Lall and Chris Papageorgiou. If you use it please refer to their paper:
Jaumotte, F., Lall, S., and Papageorgiou, C. (2013): Rising Income Inequality: Technology, or Trade and Financial Globalization?, IMF Economic Review, Vol. 61(2), p. 271–309. DOI: 10.1057/imfer.2013.7.
The indicators starting with FTI_ are built on the Economic Freedom Index developed by the Fraser Institute. Please refer to their homepage for further information.
Likewise, the indicators starting with HF_ are built on the Index of Economic Freedom developed by the Heritage Foundation. Please refer to their homepage for further information.
Thank you very much! Further information about the remaining data can be found here.
The research that has led to the compilation of the data set, the development of this homepage, and the publication of the accompanying paper has been funded by the Anniversary Fund of the Austrian Central Bank (Österreichische Nationalbank) under grant numbers 17383 and 18144.